8.2.2 Potential Action 2: Constituency building 

Context 

Given the plethora of measurement systems currently in place and the limited availability of any 
broadly-agreed smart indicator system; there is a significant confusion and lack of confidence in the 
application of city measurements. There is also generally poor and limited use of quality 
measurement in smaller cities, and at district level. 

Goal 

To build a community of users to go through the whole KPI development and use exercise. This 
would include actions to boost confidence amongst users, through organising a conference (or 
similar) to foster the exchange of knowledge and ideas on emerging research topics and best 
practices in the field of smart cities. 

Deliverables 

i. An annual series of European conferences on the smart city indicator system; 1st of which 
takes place by mid-2015; inviting leading researchers to share the latest approaches and 
findings in this field 
ii. Emerging research agenda to sustain quality of indicator facility 
iii. Dissemination of the results (training package for users, e-learning …). 
iv. Dissemination of the European knowledge globally. 


Preconditions 

- Network: researchers, companies and cities need to be in the same network to ensure 
meaningful outcomes; 
- Resources are required for the organization of conferences, for a etc.; 
- Dissemination partners that help to communicate the message to a wider community. 


Methods and details of implementation 

. Create a roadmap of events for the coming years 
. An information exchange platform could be (re-)used (website, wiki forum or other) 
. The disseminating package should be created for European and non-European dissemination 
. For dissemination purposes, online conference proceedings should obviously be published 
online extensively 


 

Monitoring 

The success of this action can be monitored in several ways: 

- Number and representativeness of participants. 
- Repetition rate of the conference (on a yearly basis?) 
- Feedback from conference participants 
- Number of downloads of conference proceedings 
- Number of participants to dissemination events ( trainings …) 



9 Priority Area 'Open Data' 

9.1 Introduction 

Real value for cities and their stakeholders from the exploitation of large-scale data (open or not) is a 
new phenomenon that benefits from an array of new approaches and tools – especially considering 
the way software automation and information technology are changing the way that value is created 
in the economy; all in a highly dynamic environment. In this context, the general trend to open 
public data sources is a theme that underlies this OIP; however recognising that value will require 
exploitation of a number of different data sources (i.e. beyond just ‘open data’), appropriate to the 
service area in question. 

Our ambition is to establish some agile projects that can quickly demonstrate the potential, and 
point the way for other cities and their partners. 

9.2 Potential Actions 

The table below identifies a (non-exhaustive) number of the potential areas where data (open or 
big) can be exploited or need more exploration, including: 

# 

Title 

Summary 

Link to SIP Action 

1 

Open Data 
Landscape 

Develop landscape of City Open Data initiatives. A survey 
of 1st mover experiences, that captures value delivered 
(to build confidence of others) 

All 

2 

Environmental 
dynamic Open 
Data hub 

(See potential 
action) 

Build communities of (cities) data owners and producers 
publishing their data online. Develop (web) services on 
top of those data sets made available to end users or 
integrated in third-party applications 

#2 accessibility of data 

Also Priority Areas 
'Districts and Built 
Environment', 
'Knowledge Sharing', 
'Citizen Focus' and 
'Standards' 

3 

Energy Efficiency 
Data 

(See potential 
action) 

Use advanced technologies (e.g. thermal infrared 
cameras) coupled with Open Data sharing at 
neighbourhood level for energy retrofitting in sub-urban / 
rural infrastructures 

#1 open by default 

#2 accessibility of data 

#4 interoperability data 
services 

Also Priority Areas 
'Districts and Built 
Environment', 
'Knowledge Sharing', 
'Citizen Focus' and 
'Standards' 

4 

Social Open Data 
Indicators 

(See potential 
action) 

Develop indicators of social environment, to bring more 
information concerning social environments to the 
urban/city decision making process: e.g. 1) using this 
information as data for computers controlling smart 
buildings or transportation systems, 2) delivering this 
information to individuals to improve their decisions 

#1 open by default 

Also Priority Areas 
'Districts and Built 
Environment', 
'Knowledge Sharing', 
'Citizen Focus' and 
'Standards' 

5 

Transport system 

Build applications on transport data (public transport and 

#4 interoperability data 




data apps 

road traffic data, incl. managing parking spots through 
sensors) 

services 

6 

Civic Engagement 

Develop civic engagement platforms (participatory 
budget processes; “Fix my Street” type of applications) 

#1 open by default 

7 

City Resource 
Flows / Tools 

Implement Resource and Material Flow Analysis in cities; 
capturing data dealing with a city as a set of integrated 
systems; develop approaches / tools to optimise systems 

#2 accessibility of data 
#4 interoperability data 
services 

8 

Data Time 
Horizon Analysis 

Evaluate “What Time” City Data – what relative ‘speeds’ 
of ‘real time’ are appropriate for different services. Assess 
the most natural time horizons to be of optimal use and 
value 

#2 accessibility of data 

9 

BI / Data 
Analytics Tools 

What business intelligence strategies, tools and 
approaches work best – for city decision support; 
planning; and operational performance? 

#2 accessibility of data 

#4 interoperability data 
services 

10 

Open Data 
Validation models 

Develop models for Open Data validation (e.g. through 
rating, or certification if there is a rationale to do so) to 
ensure high quality open data in a useable form and 
further increase trust in the use of data, and models for 
open data ownership and (free or not) access by 
stakeholders. 

#1 open by default 

11 

City Data Roles 

What roles and capabilities are emerging in cities in 
relations to data exploitation (e.g. Chief Digital Officer; 
Data Scientist); and what are experiences telling us? 

 



 

There is an obvious need to make a strong link from data to economic benefits at the local level. 
Many data initiatives emerge at a city level with the intention of nourishing a community of apps 
developers that would 'train' themselves with the data made available by that city but with a clear 
view of acquiring the skills, establishing the business models that would allow them to go beyond 
the city limits. Open Data hubs must attract users and activity, so that the investment in operating 
them does result in the creation of new value; this means : 1) to find out what the stakeholders and 
communities need, rather than to publish all data in anticipation, 2) to focus on making as much 
data as possible available in some common agreed format, 3) to find ways to address the cost of 
providing usable data and to invest in making them accessible – to enable value realisation across all 
(or as many as possible) sectors and stakeholders in cities and communities. 

 


9.2.1 Potential Action 1: Environmental dynamic Open Data hub 

Context 

NB: This action exhibits potential natural links with the Districts and Built Environment, Citizen Focus, 
Knowledge Sharing and Standards Priority areas. 

Most available open data-sets in the fields of environment and energy are inadequate for advanced 
applications such as: 

. Smart Grid services (e.g. demand-response, load shedding scenarios) – data is too often 
captured too infrequently and not at the right level of granularity; insufficiently shared such 
that action can be taken in good time to make potential efficiencies; and held by energy 
providers rather than made accessible for consumers to act on so to improve performance; 
. Validation and fine-tuning of energy simulation tools; 
. Accurate energy performance benchmarking and audits of buildings and cities. 


 

With the massive roll-out of connected objects and devices, there are fast-growing amounts of 
potentially available fresh data-sets coming from wireless sensor networks, smart energy meters, 
vehicle/traffic counters, air quality sensors, weather monitoring stations, etc. This data can benefit a 
wide community of expert users if made open and accessible by their owners. 

The aim of this action is to build (most probably local and regional, possibly also national and EU-
wide) communities of data owners and producers who will publish online for free their real-time 
data on an open data hub dedicated to energy (or by extension, environmental) issues. Web services 
would be developed to allow easy access to dynamic data-sets from the hub and their integration in 
third-party applications. Contextual data models on the platform should rely as much as possible on 
existing standards. The action will also strive to demonstrate the relevance of this approach by 
developing sample services and applications exploiting this data in a smart way with clear added-
value. In parallel, the action will monitor and analyse the development of the community, with the 
intention to make it active and sustainable, thereby finding the mechanisms and incentives to 
encourage further data owners and producers to join the community. 

Goal 

The goal is to demonstrate the added value of releasing dynamic Open Data for environmental 
applications. The concept falls within the current trend of the Internet of Things, and supports future 
smart grids and smart cities visions, models and services. The proof of concept is necessary to 
demonstrate added value services and their benefits. From there onwards, it is likely that the 
community of data providers will grow naturally, as additional added-value services and applications 
will become available for the platform users. 

Deliverable 

i. Review of existing data platforms; 
ii. Call for participation (in a pilot territory); 
iii. Usage and business models survey (motivations, incentives and barriers for making data 
available). 
iv. Data hub specifications : web services and data models; 
v. Data hub implementation, fed with data-sets from recruited volunteers; 
vi. Hackathon: development of a first set of 3rd party applications exploiting the data. 



Preconditions 

. Need to find pioneering volunteers for the proof of concept; volunteers need to accept to 
make their data-sets available for free: most probably public organisations will play an 
exemplary role through this action. 
. Need to address security and privacy issues: it will be necessary to define the appropriate 
level of details when releasing dynamic data, to anticipate and prevent unwanted 
applications. 


Methods and details of implementation 

. Phase 1 : Rapid Base-Line 
o Overview of existing environmental static open data platforms (e.g. BPIE data hub); 
o Overview of existing generic dynamic open data hubs (e.g. Xively); 


. Phase 2 : Setting up the community 
o Call for participation: recruitment of a set of volunteers to upload their real-time 
environmental data on to the platform (ideally a diverse and representative set of 
data, all grouped around the same pilot territory/city); 
o Wider survey among data producers to understand motivations and barriers to 
releasing dynamic Open Data. 


. Phase 3 : Business models 
o This phase strives to map the ecosystem of stakeholders and their respective 
incentives, to find a sustainable model for ensuring the service continuity: business 
continuity already enters from design stage onwards so as to further guide the 
specification and development of the hub. 


. Phase 4 : Developing the dynamic Open Data hub 
o Web services and data models specifications: interviews with future expert users of 
those data will be conducted to co-create data formats and APIs. This is to make 
sure delivered data are easily accessible and exploitable by their future users; 
o Implementation of the data hub and web portal; 
o Connection of the first data streams from the volunteers. 


. Phase 5 : Services 
o A Hackathon is organised to invite third-party users to develop applications 
exploiting the dynamic data. (e.g. data visualisation modules, benchmarking 
applications, decision support tools, etc.) 




Monitoring 

Performance evaluation of this action is done through: 

. Monitoring of the community growth (number of data providers joining the hub); 
. Monitoring of developed services (number of third party applications exploiting the data 
hub) 



9.2.2 Potential Action 2: Infrared Cameras and Open-Data Sharing at Neighbourhood Level for Energy 
Retrofitting in (Sub-) Urban Infrastructures 

Context 

Note: this action exhibits potential natural links with the Districts and Built Environment, Citizen 
Focus, Knowledge Sharing and Standards Priority areas. 

Thermal imaging testing could become an important quality control measures in the renovation of 
building infrastructure. Heat losses in buildings can account for up to 50% of the total energy 
consumption and come from air leakage through chimneys, attics, wall vents and badly sealed 
windows / doors. To identify areas of energy waste, infrared imaging can become a valuable tool in 
identifying problems related to energy loss, missing insulation, inefficient HVAC systems, radiant 
heating, water damage on roofs, and much more. This strategy can be particularly effective in sub-
urban and rural scenarios where the neighbourhoods are mainly constituted of individual houses: 
thermography, or thermal imaging, can be applied to energy audits of, both, apartments and 
individual houses, however the technique is even more effective when performing energy audits of 
individual houses which are more common in sub-urban or rural areas. A potential scenario can be 
described as follows: 

Maria has just moved to a new house located in a medium-sized neighbourhood mainly constituting of 
individual houses. She would like to identify problems related to energy loss in her new house in order to take 
corrective action. She is going to use her mobile device with an embedded infrared thermal imaging camera 
and a corresponding app that collects data and suggests a corresponding corrective action. A thermal imaging 
camera identifies patterns of heat loss that are invisible to the naked eye. Thermal imaging quickly indicates 
the air leaks within a property. Maria scans the windows of the house and she finds a number of energy 
leakages. The app on the mobile device suggests the correct action to solve the problem: in this case replace 
the window glass with more performing double-glazing. The app lists the available options on the market 
ordered, say, by lowest price, and also allows to make direct contact with an installation expert to perform the 
works. It also informs her of other residents that have carried out similar work. The energy data collected by 
Maria is then shared on a common database of open-data at neighbourhood level such that can be re-used by 
public authorities as well as citizens for planning their respective corrective actions. System design ensures that 
users' privacy and anonymity is maintained. 

The aim of the action is to build an enabling environment – both from a technical and organisational 
point of view – that allows the creation of rural or sub-urban networks of habitants and stakeholders 
providing their energy data and related retrofitting work items. Like this, continuous and coherent 
processes for identification of energy waste in houses and infrastructures can be set up and energy 
efficiency can be improved, based on the use of innovative technologies that connect to open-data 
datawarehouse(s) and hub(s). 

Goals 

Considerations for Open data are to be thought at level of the “energy status” of the built 
infrastructures, as well as works done by individuals. The availability of energy data is essential when 
performing retrofitting actions on infrastructures. A lifetime of a building is long (decades or even 
centuries), so it is necessary to ensure the flexibility for the new solutions that might occur in the 
future. 

The types of communities addressed by this action are typically sub-urban and rural communities, 
and the stakeholders and beneficiaries are, e.g.: 

. Inhabitants of the sub-urban/rural district; 
. Local businesses selling material and devices for energy efficiency in houses and performing 
related installations. 



The expected impacts are to improve energy consumption awareness of the community, while at 
the same time improve energy efficiency of private homes since energy audits and corresponding 
corrective actions can be performed by individual citizens in a cost effective way. 

Deliverable 

i. Review of existing integration models and technologies (open data, system integration, 
interoperability and standards, virtualisation of the built infrastructures, visualisation of 
energy use and production …) – with a special focus on integration technologies, such as 
large databases and software analysis tools, to relate thermal data to energy leakages and 
suggest the corresponding corrective action; 
ii. Development of a usage and business model (including motivations, incentives, and barriers 
for making data available, and consideration for privacy issues); 
iii. Call for participation of various rural territories (experimentations e.g. through living-lab 
approaches); 
iv. Common open-datawarehouses specifications : data models, APIs 
v. Common open-datawarehouses implementations – based on infrastructures data-sets from 
recruited rural territories and volunteers (see D3); 
vi. Set of recommendations and guidelines for generalisation. 


Preconditions 

. Need to find pioneering (preferably rural, or in case sub-urban) territories and volunteers for 
the proof of concept, who will accept to make their data-sets available in a common open-
data warehouse; 
. Need for some behavioural change at level of volunteers, ready to make available (in case 
under some anonymous formats to be defined) their energy data and works information – 
potentially relying on some “nudge” or social incentives approach, e.g. neighbouring mutual 
information, “green” default options, intelligent billposts, etc. (based on Richard Thaler’s 
book “Nudge : Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness”). 
. Need to address security and privacy issues: it will be necessary to define the appropriate 
level of details and access authorisations when releasing the energy and works data. 


Methods and details of implementation 

. Phase 1 : Identification of Base-Line 
o Overview of potential similar initiatives / local platforms; 
o Overview of existing integration models and technologies ready for customisation or 
adaptation (e.g. data platforms / hubs for the open-data warehouses) in the 
application context; 
o Overview/adaptation or specification of usage and business model(s) - mapping the 
ecosystem of stakeholders and their incentives to find a sustainable model for 
ensuring a tangible and continuous operation of the decision-system for energy 
retrofitting; 


. Phase 2 : Setting up the experimental territories 
o Call for participation of various rural territories, with recruitment of sets of 
volunteers (all grouped in a same pilot territory) to upload their energy data and 
potential retrofitting work items information in the common open data platform; 
o Wider survey among data producers to understand motivations and barriers to 
releasing energy data and works item information; 
o Preparation of the territory experimentation, e.g. putting in place a living-lab 
approach based on a continuous participation of all stakeholders form the very start 
of the definition of the platform and open data warehouse; 


. Phase 3 : Developing the common open data warehouse(s) 



o Specification of the data models for energy data and retrofitting work items – 
through co-creation of data formats and APIs with all the stakeholders. Similarly to 
action #1, this is to make sure data is easily accessible and exploitable by future 
users; 
o Specification and development of the open data warehouse and services hub; 


. Phase 4 : Deploying the common open data warehouse(s) 
o Deploying the open data warehouse and hub in territories – taking into account 
potential specific configurations on data privacy, collection, and management – and 
as a baseline for recommendations and guidelines for further generalisation; 
o Feeding the open data warehouses and services hub - based on infrastructures data 
sets from recruited rural / sub-urban territories and volunteers; 
o Integration of third-party applications providing and/or exploiting energy data and 
retrofitting work items (e.g. thermal infrared cameras, data visualisation modules, 
decision support tools, etc.). 




Monitoring 

Performance evaluation of this action is done through the following KPIs: 

. Monitoring of the number of participating volunteers from rural / sub-urban territories; 
. Monitoring of data warehouse logs stats (number of incoming requests, data usage analysis, 
etc.); 
. Monitoring of the number of third party application integrated. 


 

 


10 Priority Area 'Standards' 

10.1 Introduction 

A ‘standard’ is a technical specification, adopted by a recognised standardisation body, for repeated 
or continuous application, with which compliance is, however, not compulsory5 unless mandated by 
regulation to that effect. 

5 Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on 
European standardisation 

It is important to remember that standards are not written by “standards professionals” but are the 
distilled wisdom of people with expertise in their subject matter who are in the know about the 
needs of the stakeholders they represent; the latter include manufacturers, sellers, buyers, 
customers, trade associations, users and regulators. The role of a standards developing organisation 
is to ensure that standards are developed in an open and transparent way, that they are clear and 
unambiguous, and that they are categorised in a way that makes them easily available for use to 
those who need them. 

A standard provides a reliable basis for people to share the same expectations against a product or 
service and this helps to: 

 

. Promote economic growth (competitiveness, facilitating trade); 
. Provide a framework for achieving economies of scale, related efficiency gains, compatibility as 
well as interoperability; 
. Enhance consumer protection and confidence and societal progress at large; 
. Provide environmental integrity and sustainability. 


Standardisation provides confidence in the ability to build and deploy smart city applications and 
infrastructures cost-effectively and within planned timescales. Standards that are developed based 
on successful smart city projects will provide confidence that these projects can be replicated 
elsewhere. This will make it easier for industry to develop the right portfolio of products and 
services, compliant with these standards, and thus enable greater competition and drive down costs. 
It will also allow applications accessed by citizens (e.g. on smart phones) to be used across cities and 
to allow progress to be compared, for example, for quality of life and sustainability indicators. 

The following builds on the Recommended Actions in Section 2.10 of the Strategic Implementation 
Plan to show how standards can help enabling the applications and infrastructure necessary for 
smart cities and communities being deployed effectively and supporting integration across distinct 
city systems. If such applications and infrastructures are to be replicated across different cities in 
different countries they should not be built from scratch each time but should benefit from 
experience gained elsewhere. 

Those standards deemed necessary for facilitating this process should be developed and maintained 
through an open and transparent process; this means a collaborative, consensus-driven process that 
is open to participation by all relevant, materially affected parties and not dominated by a single 
organization or group of organizations. A system as complex and as quickly evolving as a smart city, 
requires fast, agile and modern standardisation practices. Related, there is a need for different types 
of standards. This includes informal, de facto standards as well as formal standards developed by 
standards developing organisations (SDOs). This includes all levels of standards, from business and 
service definition standards, to vocabulary and semantic standards, and finally also technical ICT or 


communication standards, the latter being mostly covered by general purpose standards. Some 
strands of the strategic vision for European standards are of particular relevance for smart cities6: 

6COM(2011) 311 final, A strategic vision for European standards: Moving forward to enhance and accelerate the 
sustainable growth of the European economy by 2020 

. Using standards to address key societal challenges 
. Standardisation and the European single market for services 
. Standardisation, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and interoperability 


Standards resulting from this process should be readily available to all interested parties for smart 
city applications development. In addition, smart city interoperability standards should be developed 
and implemented internationally, whenever practical, and therefore work on the standards needs to 
be carried out in collaboration with international standards bodies. 

10.2 Potential Actions 

Standards are enablers for the seamless integration of city systems, functions, applications and 
services and for the technologies and communications infrastructures underpinning these. For 
example, they are the enablers for platforms used for the exchange of data between previously 
different vertical ‘silos’. Examples of actions that could help create a standardised (and therefore 
replicable) framework for the infrastructure for smart cities include: 

# 

Title 

Summary 

Link to SIP Action 

1 

Smart Cities 
Standards 
Coordination 

A CEN-CENELEC-ETSI Smart Cities Coordination group has 
been set up. This should be extended to involve all 
relevant stakeholders and consider creating a common 
technical group to develop necessary standards. 

#1 Smart Cities 
Standards Coordination 
Group 

2 

Interoperability 
Framework 

Develop an interoperability framework for smart city 
standards including the identification of relevant existing 
standards and the gaps and overlaps between them. 

#2 Standards Mapping 

3 

City 
Information 
Platform 
Interfaces 

Identify standardisation requirements so that 3rd-party 
developers can access the data they need (in a trusted and 
secure way), build and release apps that will work on any 
platform in any city. This would ensure that citizens 
moving between European cities will find a common 
interface to interact with city systems wherever they go 
and so will make it easier for them to use those services. 

#3 architecture for city 
information platforms 

 

Integrated 
Infrastructures 

4 

M2M Data 
Exchange 
standards 

Identify standardisation requirements for the exchange of 
smart city data so that data from a wide range of sensors 
e.g. public transport, connected cars and sensor-based 
dynamic traffic data can be exchanged and used by a range 
of applications. 

#3 architecture for city 
information platforms 

 

Integrated 
Infrastructures 

5 

City Level 
Energy 
Management 
and Trading 
systems 

Identify standardisation requirements to allow the 
exchange of energy management data. Renewable energy 
sources can then be plugged in more easily to create a 
two-way energy chain that balances demand and supply 
dynamically, between new alternative sources and 

#3 architecture for city 
information platforms 

 

Districts and Built 
Environment 

 




traditional (typically hydrocarbon) sources. 

Integrated 
Infrastructures 

6 

Rapid Upgrade 
of Existing 
Building Stock 

Identify standardisation requirements for building 
construction so that new materials with standardised 
properties (such as insulation value) can be used 
effectively while contributing in a transparent way to the 
building’s EPC. 

 

Districts and Built 
Environment 

7 

Alternative 
fuelling 
infrastructures 

Identify standardisation requirements to enable the 
exchange of location information about electric vehicle 
charging points in public and private spaces so that drivers 
can locate the right points, and know when they will be 
able to use it with their current service provider contract 

#3 architecture for city 
information platforms 

 

Sustainable Urban 
Mobility priority area 

8 

Energy 
assessment and 
planning at 
local level 

Identify standardisation requirements for a consistent set 
of standards across Europe for energy assessment and 
planning so to allow cities to be compared. It should be 
possible to compare different cities on a level playing field 
and to assess the improvements made in a city over time 
against common benchmarks. This will provide 
transparency between the metrics and indicators used in 
different cities. A common methodology needs to be 
established for assessing the carbon footprint of a city or 
project and the identification of best practises that should 
be applied 

 

Baselines and KPIs 

9 

Standardised 
metrics and 
indicators 

Identify standardisation requirements for metrics and 
indicators so that different cities can be compared on a 
level playing field and the improvement made in a city over 
time can be assessed effectively. This will provide 
transparency between metrics and indicators used in 
different cities. An example of a standard required under 
this action is one for the assessment of social performance 
of buildings but many other existing standards and gaps 
are likely to be identified by SSCC-CG. 

 

Baselines and KPIs 

10 

More effective 
use of public 
transport 

Identify standardisation requirements to enable the 
integration of all forms of public transport, allowing 
through-/combined ticketing and the support of easier use 
of different modes of transport. Standards should also 
enable the exchange of location information about the 
availability of parking slots at interchanges/hubs and 
possibly allow for these to be booked. Development of 
standards for exchanging location information, e.g. data 
about the availability of parking slots and vehicle charging 
points. 

#3 architecture for city 
information platforms 

 

Sustainable Urban 
Mobility 

11 

Clean, efficient 
urban logistics 
and freight 
distribution 

Identify standardisation requirements to enable 
sustainable city logistics in order to improve quality of life 
in urban areas, improved access to homes and businesses 
and the smarter coordination of delivery times. 

 

Sustainable Urban 
Mobility 




12 

Standardised 
methodology 
for research 
into citizen 
behaviour 

Develop a standard method for user research to develop 
an EU-wide database of citizen behaviour and attitudes 
toward technology, mobility and energy solutions. Open 
user research data should be posted on-line and linked to 
case studies 

 

Citizen-Focus 

13 

City 
maintenance 
platforms 

Identify standardisation requirements for the exchange of 
city maintenance information, so that citizens can 
contribute their various observations in real-time, e.g. 
needs for repairs and development proposals. 

#3 architecture for city 
information platforms 

 

Integrated 
Infrastructures 

14 

Standards 
Promotion 

Promotion of the use of standards for smart cities, both 
within Europe and worldwide, and demonstration of 
related benefits to stakeholders. 

#4 Promotion 
Internationally